# nationalisation

Japan Moves to Government‑Own, Contractor‑Run Munitions Plants as It Rebuilds Defence Industrial Base

Japan is considering a GOCO model — government ownership of munitions plants with private contractors operating them — to guarantee ammunition supply in a crisis. The plan, part of a broader defence‑industry reorganisation, is being coordinated with revisions to national security documents and reflects lessons from global ammunition shortages since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.