# nuclear policy

Macron Proposes “Forward Deterrence,” Seeks European Buy‑In as France Moves to Expand Nuclear Arsenal

President Emmanuel Macron announced a plan to expand France’s nuclear arsenal and launch a “forward deterrence” strategy that tightens nuclear‑related cooperation with eight European partners. Paris will keep exclusive command of its forces while offering temporary, conditional integration—exercises, intelligence sharing and possible short‑term deployments—to strengthen Europe's collective deterrence amid weakened arms control and doubts about U.S. reliability.